银杏-杜仲叶发酵物对脂多糖应激肉仔鸡的肠道功能和免疫反应的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加银杏-杜仲叶发酵物（FGEL）对脂多糖（LPS）应激肉仔鸡的生长性能、肠道结构、消化吸收功能和免疫反应的影响，并与未发酵银杏-杜仲叶（GEL）进行比较。采用2×3双因子试验设计，即2种免疫应激处理（腹腔注射LPS或注射等量生理盐水）和3种饲粮处理（基础饲粮及在基础饲粮中添加0.40%GEL或0.40%FGEL的试验饲粮）。选取1日龄健康爱拔益加（AA）肉仔鸡360只，随机分为6个处理，每个处理均设6个重复，每个重复10只鸡。试验期为21 d。在试验第13、15、17、19和21天，3个应激处理的试鸡腹腔注射500μg/kg BW的LPS，其他3个处理注射等量的生理盐水。在试验第21天最后1次注射后2～4 h进行屠宰取样。结果表明：1）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL的肉仔鸡料重比（F/G）有显著改善（P=0.024），饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡平均日增重（ADG）(P=0.023)和血清D-木糖的含量（P=0.011）的降低。2）与对照饲粮相比，饲粮添加FGEL显著缓解了LPS应激肉仔鸡十二指肠（P=0.011）和空肠（P=0.030）的相对重量...     

Independent and combined effects of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils and acetic acid on prevalence and intensity of fatty liver syndrome in broiler chickens

Two hundred fifty two male Ross 308 broiler chicks were raised to examine the effects of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO; 0, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/bird/day) administrated via oral gavage and dietary supplementation of acetic acid (AA; 0 or 20 g/kg) in a 6 × 2 factorial fashion using a complete randomized block design with seven replicates of three birds each. In Day 34 of age, liver fat percentage decreased by increasing SkEO levels in a quadratic trend (p < .05). Oral gavag of 200 and 300 mg of SkEO decreased AST activity by 16.67% and 16.94%, respectively, compared with the control birds (p < .05). In Day 38 of age, liver percentage was greater by 0.37% in the birds received 400 mg SkEO than those given 500 mg (p < .05). Liver fat percentage decreased in the birds fed the acidified diet and received 300 and 500 mg SkEO as well as in the birds offered 200 and 400 mg of SkEO and fed non-acidified diet than those received acidified diet with no SkEO administration (p < .05). Prevalence of score zero for hepatocytic vacuolations and necrosis was 80.00% and 42.42% in the birds receiving 600 mg SkEO respectively. Median for relative frequency of scores for hepatocytic vacuolations and hepatocytic necrosis was lesser in the birds received SkEO by oral gavage compared with that of control birds (p < .05). In conclusion, administration of SkEO via oral gavage reduced liver fat in broiler chicken but no consistent dosage could be verified as the effective dosage for all ages concerned. The acidified diet per se showed no evident effect on liver fat at all ages considered. The SkEO × AA interaction exhibited promising but unreliable effects on liver colour score in market age (42 days).     

持续冷热环境对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和解偶联蛋白mRNA表达的影响

本试验研究了不同环境温度(10~30℃)持续14 d对肉鸡生产性能、糖代谢和禽类解偶联蛋白(av UCP)mRNA表达的影响。试验选取21日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡288只,随机分到6个人工环境控制舱中,每个舱饲养6笼,每笼8只鸡作为1个重复。预试期7 d,温度22℃,相对湿度60%。28日龄时将各环境控制舱温度分别逐渐(1 h内)调到10、14、18、22、26和30℃,相对湿度60%,温湿度均保持恒定直至试验结束。正试期14 d。结果表明:1)试验期内,30℃组的体重(BW)显著低于14~26℃组(P<0.05);22~30℃组平均日采食量(ADFI)随温度升高而显著下降(P<0.05);10~30℃组平均日增重(ADG)随温度升高出现先升高后下降的趋势,在22℃时最高;料重比(F/G)随温度升高呈现先下降后升高的趋势,22℃时最低;平均日饮水量(ADWC)在10℃组最低。2)试验第14天,26℃组血糖水平显著低于18℃组(P<0.05);肝糖原水平在各组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);22℃组肌糖原水平显著低于10、26和30℃组(P<0.05)。3)试验第14天,18、22℃组av UCP mRNA相对表达量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。结果提示:在本试验条件下,从生产性能和能量利用效率考虑,28~42日龄AA肉鸡的适宜养殖温度为22~26℃。     

Dietary clinoptilolite influences antioxidant capability and oxidative status of broilers

Natural clinoptilolite has been shown to have positive effects as an antioxidant, which means it traps free radicals in its complex structure, inactivating and eliminating them. Synthetic or modified clinoptilolite delays lipid peroxidation with water-soluble peroxyl radicals, and reduces the catalytic production of radicals to protect the organism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite on the antioxidant status of broilers. The antioxidant capability of natural clinoptilolite or modified clinoptilolite is exerted, at least in part, by increasing glutathione content in liver and intestinal mucosa, the superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa. In addition, to enhance broiler performance, there is a reduction of the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa.     

Efficacy of chlorine dioxide gas in reducing Escherichia coli and Salmonella from broiler house environments

Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. are considered to be the major pathogens associated with human transmissible infectious diseases in the air of poultry houses. Chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) is an effective biocide against a wide range of microorganisms. Accordingly, this study investigated the efficiency of gaseous ClO₂ application for disinfecting broiler houses by collecting air samples before and after fumigation using a passive method. Fumigation was performed with 125 mL or 250 mL of ClO₂ liquid (containing 2,000 ppm of ClO₂) and 3 trials were conducted for each dose. A total of 27 petri dishes were used for each trial (for each type of bacteria: E. coli or Salmonella) and placed in 3 different locations (front, middle and back) and 3 different positions (top, middle and floor) of the broiler shed. Air samples were collected at 10 min, 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, and 12 h before and after fumigation to evaluate the air quality in terms of the concentration of E. coli and Salmonella. Both levels of ClO₂ were capable of reducing the concentration of E. coli from broiler house air during all measuring periods except 10 min, with highest disinfection rate being observed at 6 h. With the exception of 1 h, the concentration of Salmonella was also reduced after fumigation with ClO₂ in all measuring period; with the highest disinfection rate occurring at 6 h. Fumigation with ClO₂ had no negative effect on birds’ health condition. Taken together, these results suggest that the application of gaseous ClO₂ at the investigated levels can be an effective option for reducing bacterial load from broiler house environments.     

音乐及饲养密度对肉杂鸡生产及屠宰性能影响初探

该文就音乐及饲养密度对笼养肉杂鸡的生产性能及屠宰性能进行了初步探讨。试验表明音乐可显著降低死淘率,提高料肉比。音乐显著提高肉杂鸡的全净膛率、腹脂率、肝脏比率(P＜0．05)。高密度情况下,音乐显著降低胸肌率和腿肌率(P＜0．05)。饲养密度仅在有音乐的情况下对胸肌率具有显著性的影响,高密度的胸肌率低于中低密度的胸肌率。